Neurology Pocketbook

Applied, Concise, Practical, Up-to-date, Mobile-friendly, Peer-reviewed & Free-access Living Pocketbook Of Neurology And Related Clinical Specialties

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CNS Vasculitis

CNS vasculitis is classified as Primary angiitis of CNS, Systemic vasculitis involving CNS, Secondary (Secondary CNS vasculitis). Treatment is aggressive for the first 6-8 months and then tapered depending upon the resolution of symptoms. Monitoring of treatment is necessary. MRI should be done after 4-6 weeks of initiation of therapy and afterward done every 3-4 months in the first year of treatment.

Hemiballismus

The most common cause of Hemiballismus is Stroke and Non-ketotic hyperglycemia being the second most common. Damage in the basal ganglia structures leads to decreased excitatory transmission of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) resulting in disinhibition of the thalamus. This creates an overactivation of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts with random firing. To provide a better understanding of hemiballismus, this chapter highlights the etiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, management, and prognosis of this condition.

Seizure prophylaxis in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Acute seizures are a common complication following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). The incidence of post ICH seizures rate is estimated to be between 4%-16%. Current guidelines have limited recommendations due to the paucity of data.

Spinal Cord Anatomy

Spinal cord originates from brainstem, pass through foramen magnum and continues distally through cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal column before terminating as a tapering structure known as the conus medullaris. Spinal cord ends at the level of L1 or L2 in adults and L3 in children

Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is defined as focal bleeding from the blood vessel into parenchyma of the brain in the absence of trauma or surgery. ICH is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Less common than ischemic stroke but is more serious.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Thrombosis of cerebral (brain) veins and sinuses. Relatively rare and frequently unrecognized condition. Potentially severe and fatal condition


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